Attachment V FNCA EVALUATION REPORT
Project name: |
Biofertilizer |
Project leader (country) : |
China , Indonesia , Japan , Korea , Malaysia , Philippines , Thailand and Vietnam |
Date: |
November 22, 2006 |
Object of project: |
To improve and disseminate biofertilizer technology |
- Major outcome of project
- Development of Biofertilizers
- Selection methods for effective microorganisms have been developed. Nitrogen fixation activity was evaluated by 15 N tracer technique, Acetylene reduction assay (ARA) and DNA-PCR technique. 15 N dilution and N-difference methods were used for field evaluation ( China , Indonesia , Japan , Malaysia , Philippines , Thailand and Vietnam ). P solubilizing/P uptake/P absorption activities were evaluated by 32 P tracer technique ( Indonesia , Malaysia , Thailand and Vietnam ), and also by HPLC and spectrophotometric methods ( Korea ).
- The suitable carriers for biofertilizer have been selected as follows;
- Rhizobium : peat, soil, charcoal, chicken dung, filter mud
- Non-symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria: peat, filter mud, chicken dung, compost (EFB), Clay loam soil+charcoal (3:1)
- Mycorrhiza: soil, sand, rice straw, vermiculite
- P and K solubilizing bacteria: vermiculite, organic manure, peat moss, compost (EFB)
- Effectiveness of the following biofertilizers was reported;
China : Rhizobium, Associative N fixer, P and K solubilizer
Japan : Rhizobium , Rhizobium + Associative N fixer, VAM Indonesia: Non-symbiotic N fixer, PGPR Korea : P solubilizer, PGPR Malaysia : VAM, Non-symbiotic N fixer, P solubilizer, PGPR Philippines : Associative N fixer Thailand : R hizobium, Rhizobium + VAM, Non-symbiotic N fixer+VAM, PGPR Vietnam : Mixing culture of Rhizobium, P solubilizer +PGPR
- 15 N dilution method has been applied to evaluate the potential of nitrogen fixing activity of symbiotic ( Indonesia , Japan , Thailand and Vietnam ) and non-symbiotic bacteria ( China , Indonesia , Malaysia , and Philippines ). It was found that nitrogen fixing bacteria can contribute about 15 - 75% of plant N.
- Irradiation sterilization method
- Sterilization of carrier by irradiation has been considered. The appropriate gamma-ray dose was reported to be ranging from 5 to 50 kGy, depending on the carrier materials ( China , Indonesia , Japan , Korea , Malaysia , Philippines , Thailand and Vietnam ).
- Effect of carrier sterilization by irradiation
Compared with autoclave method, irradiation method ensures higher survival rate of biofertilizer inoculants in the carriers, resulting in higher crop yield and better crop quality, in some cases. However, there is still need for further studies on irradiation dosage for complete sterilization of carrier materials.
- Economic Evaluation
- Field demonstration has been conducted in each country. It was demonstrated that yield was increased by inoculating biofertilizer as shown in Appendix I. In the case of soybean production in Thailand , yield was increased by 10-122 %, depending on soil properties. In the Philippines , with Bio-N inoculation + 1/2N+P+K, yield was increased by 34% relative to fertilizer NPK application.
- The economic advantages of biofertilizer usage are as follows;
- Reduce the application of chemical fertilizers, and increase the crop yield and quality.
Indonesia: Reduce the application of N fertilizer close to 50% and increase grain yield of corn by 11- 22% by associative N 2 fixing bacteria
Korea : Net yield increased by 48.7% for lettuce by Bacillus sp.
Malaysia : Contribution of 1/3 of N requirement of young oil palm by biofertilizer from associative N 2 fixing bacteria.
- Increase in the net income
China : Net income increased by 9.2% for wheat and 2.1 % for rice compared to NPK application
Indonesia : Net income increased by 16% by Azospirillum +1/2N+PK for corn compared to 1/2N+PK application
Japan : Net income increased by 14% by Rhizobium and 35% by Rhizobium + Azospirillum for soybean compared to NPK application
Philippines : Net income increased by 58% by Bio-N+PK 81% by Bio-N+1/2N+PK for corn compared to NPK application
Thailand : Net income increased by 88% by Rhizobium and 128% by Rhizobium +PK for soybean compared to no fertilizer in unfertile soil
Vietnam : Net income increased by 12.31-21.21% for peanut compared to non inoculation of Rhizobium
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Evaluation indicators for above outcome
Socio-economic impact (Application or Achievement of project object) : 4 point Scientific impact (Basic technology or Activity): 4 point
- Project outlook
□ Continuation ■ Change/Revision □ Termination
Reason: In Asia , sustainable agriculture is essentially important to support increasing population. Agro-environment is drastically changed by climate and intensive agronomic practices from improper and injudicious use of chemical fertilizers and other agrochemicals, and beneficial microorganisms are needed for sustainable agriculture. Gamma or Ion Beam radiation methods are proposed to be utilized in the development of new functional microorganisms for sustainable agro-environment.
Proposal: Development of new functional microorganisms for sustainable agriculture
Definition of new "functional microorganisms": organisms that have improved symbiotic and non-symbiotic properties, tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses, and having abilities to promote plant growth and control plant pathogens.
Plan 1: Selection of functional microorganisms in agriculture
- Mutation breeding of functional microorganisms by irradiation
-- Symbiotic and non-symbiotic microorganisms such as Rhizobium , Azospirillum, mycorrhiza, PGPR, antagonistic microorganisms for plant diseases, etc.
- The use of isotope technique to evaluate effectiveness of functional microorganisms
Plan 2: Irradiation sterilization of carriers for microorganisms
- Establishment of suitable sterilization methods for carriers
- Practical application of carriers sterilized by gamma and electron beam irradiation
- Ripple effect to other fields or Benefits to end-users
FNCA Biofertilizer Manual was published on the basis of the information and experience of the BF group activities from 2002 to 2005. This manual was distributed to researchers, academicians and biofertilizer producers. New publications including brochures are proposed to be printed in native languages for farmers and extension workers. Biofertilizer Newsletters were edited by project leaders and distributed to FNCA participating countries. The Manual and Newsletters can be easily accessed and downloaded via FNCA website.
- Opinion about the project (problems, ideas, remarks, proposal)
The participants feel that the biofertilizer project has positive socio-economic and scientific impacts. However, there is a need for a revision or a change of the project, to include substantiation on the functionality of the microorganisms using isotope techniques and further application of radiation including ion beam and electron beam for the development of new functional microorganisms.
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