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| FNCA 2002 WORKSHOP ON BIOFERTILIZER |
Summary of Discussions for implementation
of the FNCA Biofertilizer Project
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Topics of 2002 | | | (1) | Evaluation by tracer technique and other methods | | | | | Nitrogen fixation activity and P absorption activity can be most reliably evaluated by 15N and 32P tracer technique. For field evaluation of leguminous crops, 15N natural abundance method, relative ureide method, and N-difference method may be useful. | | (2) | Environmental adaptability with the crops | | | Inoculant with the target crops should be adapted for the environmental conditions in various regions. Selection of inoculant from indigenous microorganisms may be more adaptable than foreign inoculants. | | (3) | Compatibility with the crops | | | Inoculant of biofertilizer should be compatible with the target crops. It is necessary to evaluate the compatibility with various varieties and cultivars. | | (4) | Identification of effective microorganisms | | | dentification of effective microorganisms should be carried out based on phenotypic characterization and/or 16S RNA sequencing. | | (5) | Use of non-nodulating plant mutants | | | The use of non-nodulating mutants of leguminous crop is useful as a reference plants of N-difference method, 15N dilution technique and 15N natural abundance method. Non-nodulating mutant of soybean is available and the other legumes can be obtained by radiation breeding or chemical mutagens. | | (6) | Competition between inoculated and indigenous microorganisms | | | In the field where the indigenous strains of the inoculating microorganisms are present, an appropriate inoculation method should be taken to overcome the problem of the competition. | | | | | | Plans for 2003 |
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(1) |
Suitable carrier |
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The suitable carrier for microorganisms that can be used as biofertilizer are as follow.
Rhizobium: peat, charcoal, sugar filter press cake, soil and aggregated soil.
Nitrogen fixing bacteria: soil, charcoal,
Mycorrhiza: soil, peat, soil + sand
Suitable carrier can be selected according to the economical, environmental and industrial situations in each country. |
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| (2) |
Methods of sterilization |
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The best method for sterilization of carrier is the radiation. It is required to determine the necessary dose to sterilize the different carriers. To consider the economical view point, it is suggested to use not only the γ-ray but also EB. Radiation sterilization of carrier in a plastic bag in advance prior to inoculation may be the way to use radiation with low cost. It should be noted that the cost for radiation sterilization of carrier becomes cheaper as the volume of the carrier is larger. |
| (3) |
Mixed culture of inoculant |
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Mixed inoculant is easy for farmer to apply to the field. Mixing the inoculants just before application is preferable. |
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Rhizobium + VAM |
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Rhizobium + P. solubilizingmicroorganism |
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Associative bacteria + VAM |
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Associative bacteria + P. solubilizing microorganisms |
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| (4) |
Quality control standard for inocuant |
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Population of the guaranteed microorganism(s) is the most important and the population of the contaminants should be controled. |
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Evaluation methods for the effects of biofertilizers declared by producer comparing with the plot of sterilized biofertilizers. |
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| | | | | Field Demonstration | | | In order to make farmers, citizens, officials recognize the effect of biofertilizer inoculation on crop growth and yield, the field demonstration is planed in 2002-2005. Also the field experiment is also necessary due to the inconsistency of the effectiveness of inoculant indicating that the environmental factors such as soil and climate conditions, genotype of host crops play an important role in selection of effective microorganisms for biofertilizer. In this point of view, field demonstration and field experiment should be strengthened. | | | | China |
| Major crop |
Rice and Winter Wheat |
| Microorganisms |
A-15 (An associative nitrogen fixing rhizobacterium)
BS (An gene modification of A-15) |
| Locations |
2 locations (North China and Southwest China) |
| Area |
one hectare for each location |
| Starting date |
September, 2002 (wheat)
April 2003 (rice) |
| | | | Indonesia |
| Major crop |
Maize |
| Biofertilizer |
Azospillum mixed inoculant |
| Purpose |
To select the best inoculant |
| Place and scale |
Smatra, Lampung Province
0.3 ha |
| Year |
October 2002 |
| | | | Japan |
| Major crop |
Soybean |
| Biofertilizer |
rhizobia (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) |
| Purpose |
To evaluate the promotive effect on soybean growth and seed yield by improvement of inoculation method and N fertilization |
| Place and scale |
Niigata 2-3 places
Small scale (10-20 m2 3-4 rep for each treatment) |
| Year |
2002-2003 |
| | | | Korea |
| Major crop |
Hot peper, chinese cabbage, etc |
| Biofertilizer |
phosphate solubilizer |
| Purpose |
For the sustainable agriculture and the environmental conservation |
| Place and scale |
Suwon, Year plan of Institute |
| Year |
2003- |
| | | | Malaysia |
| Major crop |
oil palm, rice |
| Biofertilizer |
| 1 | mycorrhiza (on oil palm & horticultural crops) | | 2 | Azospirillum (on oil palm & rice) | | 3 | decomposing microorganisms (compost production for various crops) |
| | Purpose |
| 1 | mycorrhiza (commercial use in nurseries of oil palm and horticultural crops) | | 2 | Azospirillum (laboratory trials of inoculum) | |
| Place and scale |
experimental plots, greenhouses, laboratories
Field - small scale (agriculture research plots) |
| Year |
2002:
Product development(mycorrhiza & decomposing microorganisms); more research on Azospirillum
2003:
Laboratory & greenhouse studies (mycorrhiza & decomposers)
2004:
Small scale field studies (mycorrhiza) involving isotopic tracers
2005:
Extention of field experiments using different crops
(mycorrhiza, Azospirillum) |
| | | | The Philippines |
| A. Standardization of National Trial: | | Crops |
Rice and Corn |
| Microorganisms |
Bos 179 and BSs202
(Associative nitrogen fixing bacteria) |
| Locations |
At least 3 experiments distributed throughout the Philippines |
| Area |
0.5 to 1.0 ha./location |
| Starting date |
September. 2002(Rice)
May 2003(Corn) |
| Purpose |
| 1 | To assess the contribution of BIO-N to rice and corn growth and yield. | | 2 | To standardize national trial. | |
| | B. Improvement of inoculant quality | | Sterilization of carrier (Soil and Charcoal) by irradiation Nov. 2002 |
| | | | Thailand |
| Planning of field demonstration of biofertilizer (2003) | | 1. |
Select the effective strains of Rhizobium and (AMF) Anbuscular Mycorrhiza for leguminous plant. |
| 2. |
Method of inoculum production
- sterile carrier (using radiation if possible) |
| 3. |
Field demonstration of mixed good strains of Rhizobia and mycorrhiza in 2 locations - fertile soil and unfertile soil. |
| | | | Vietnam |
| Major crops |
Soybean, ground nut, tomato, rice |
| Biofertilizer |
N-fixing + P solubilizing inoculant |
| Purpose |
Field trial of new mixed inoculant |
| Place and scale |
Hanoi, Sonla, Baegiary, Nghean
small scale: 100 m2/experiment >>400m2
large scale: 1 ha/demonstration >>4 ha |
| Year |
2003 |
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MINUTES of 2002 FNCA
Joint Workshop on Mutation Breeding and Biofertilizer
August 20-23, 2002,
Beijing, China Aug.23, 2002
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| | | Following the agreement at the Third Coordinators Meeting in March, 2002 in Tokyo, the 2002 FNCA Joint Workshop on Mutation Breeding and Biofertilizer took place on August 20-23, 2002 in Beijing, China.
The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT) and the China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA) jointly sponsored this Workshop. The Institute for Application of Atomic Energy, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) acted as the local host and the organizer in cooperation with the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) of Japan and the Japan Atomic Industrial Forum (JAIF) as the secretariat.
The number of the participants in the Joint Workshop totaled 45 including the representatives of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan, the China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA), the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and FNCA Coordinator of Japan, Project Leaders and observers. The list of participants was attached as annex one.
A total of ten papers including three invited papers on the current status of techniques for mutation breeding for Vegetatively Propagated Crops in the participating countries were presented. Nine papers including one invited paper were presented for Biofertilizer. The participants presented the country report in each country, discussed and exchanged opinions, and shared their experiences on related issues, which each country was facing, and seeking for solutions. | | | | Mutation Breeding Workshop(abr.) Biofertilizer Workshop | | | The first meeting of workshop was attended by project leader of biofertilizer from each of participating countries, i.e. Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. Six participants from Japan, four participants and one invited speaker from China attended the workshop.
In the first session, eight country reports describing the current status of biofertilizers, such as rhizobia, mycorrhiza, associative nitrogen fixing bacteria and phosphate solubilizing microorganisms in each country and one invited paper from China were presented.
In the second session, four selected topics were presented by Japanese experts.
In the round table discussion, topics of 2002 were reviewed and the plans for 2003 were discussed. Summary of discussion is attached. | | | | | Topics of 2002 |
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(1) Evaluation by tracer technique and other methods | | (2) Environmental adaptability with the crops | | (3) Compatibility with the crops | | (4) Identification of effective microorganisms | | (5) Use of non-nodulating plant mutants | | (6) Competition between inoculated and indigenous microorganisms | | | | | The plans for 2003 | | | |
(1) Suitable carriers | | (2) Methods of sterilization | | (3) Mixed culture of inoculant | | (4) Quality control standard for inoculant | | | | | | The strategy for the FNCA project on biofertilizer was proposed by the Japanese Project Leader and the national Coordinator of Japan. The suggestion on the demonstration of application and benefit of biofertilizer was accepted. Each country submitted the proposed program of field experiment as attached.
Preparation of a manual for biofertilizers was proposed and discussed. Vietnam; Chief editor, Japan; General methodology, Vietnam; Rhizobia, Korea, Vietnam; Quality control, Malaysia and Thailand; Mycorrhiza, China, the Philippines and Indonesia; Associative nitrogen fixing bacteria, Korea; Phosphate solubilizing microorganisms.
The manual will be published during the project period.
The second and third Biofertilizer Group Newsletters will be published in November 2002 by China and in April 2003 by Thailand.
Biofertilizer web-site will be constructed in the FNCA web-site, which includes mailing list and workshop information such as country reports, invited lecture and topics.
It was recommended to encourage participation in the mailing list to make a network in each country and between countries in Asian region.
It was decided to separate the FNCA Workshop on Biofertilizer from the FNCA Workshop on Mutation Breeding. The next Biofertilizer Workshop will be held in Vietnam.
The Biofertilizer group made technical visit to the Institute for Application of Atomic Energy, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS). The participants appreciated the efforts and guidance of the staff of hosting laboratory.
It was agreed that the Philippines would host the 2003 FNCA Mutation Breeding Workshop and Vietnam the 2003 FNCA Biofertilizer Workshop. All participants appreciated the candidature of Malaysia as the venue for the 2004 Mutation Breeding Workshop.
The Workshop included technical tours to the institutions, i. e. Modern Agricultural Science Park (Chang Ping District, Beijing) and the National Genebank (ICGR, CAAS). The participants expressed their sincere gratitude to the organizers and hosting institutions.
The Minutes were discussed and agreed upon by all participants in the Workshop. This will be reported at the Fourth FNCA Coordinators Meeting to be held in March 2003 in Tokyo, Japan. | | | |
Program of 2002 FNCA Joint Workshop on
Mutation Breeding and Biofertilizer
(Program of Mutation Breeding WS is abridged)
August 20 - 23, 2002
Beijing, China
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| Date |
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August 20(Tuesday) - August 23(Friday), 2002 |
| Venue |
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Central Garden Hotel, Beijing, China |
| Sponsored by |
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China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA)
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) |
| Local Organizer |
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Institute for Application of Atomic Energy,
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (CAAS) |
| Secretariat |
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Japan Atomic Industrial Forum Inc. (JAIF) |
| Working Language |
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English |
| | | | -19 August (Monday) ARRIVAL OF PARTICIPANTS- | | | | -20 August (Tuesday) REGISTRATION 8:30-9:00- | | |
| <OPENING SESSION > (Joint Session of MB and BF) | | Chair: CHINA | | 9:00-9:15 |
WELCOME ADDRESS |
Mr. LI Sen
Department of International Cooperation
China Atomic Energy Authority |
 | | 9:15-9:25 | REMARKS | Dr. Sueo Machi
FNCA Coordinator of Japan
Senior Managing Director, JAIF | | | 9:25-9:35 | OPENING ADDRESS | Prof. Liang Qu
Department of International Cooperation
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences | | | 9:35-10:00 | SPECIAL LECTURE
"Progress Report on FNCA Activities" | Dr. Sueo Machi
FNCA Coordinator of Japan
Senior Managing Director, JAIF | | | 10:00-10:15 | BREAK | | |
| < SESSION 1BF > PRESENTATION OF COUNTRY REPORT | "Selection of effective microorganisms"
Chair: Vietnam | | 10:15-10:45 |
Country Report of China
"Selection of Effective Microorganisms for Bio-fertilizers in China" |
Dr. Pan Jiarong
Project Leader of Biofertilizer Project of China Associate Professor,
Institute for Application of Atomic Energy, CAAS |
| | 10:45-11:15 | Country Report of Indonesia
"Selection For Effective Azospirillum Associated With Maize In Acid Soil" | Ms. Soertini Gandanegara
Project Leader of Biofertilizer Project of Indonesia Senior Research Scientist,Soil & Plant Nutrition, Agriculture Division,
Center For R&D Of Isotopes & Radiation And Technology,BATAN | | | 11:15-11:45 | Country Report of Japan
"Current activities of biofertilizer project in Japan" | Dr. Takuji Ohyama
Professor,
Department of Agriculture, Niigata University
Dr. Masanori Saito
Head of Soil Ecology Laboratory, Department of Grassland Ecology | | | 11:45-12:15 | Country Report of Korea
"Application of VA Mycorrhizal and phosphate solubilizers as biofertilizers in Korea" | Dr. Jang-Sun Suh
Project Leader of Biofertilizer Project of Korea Researcher,Soil Microbiology Lab.,Division of Plant Nutrition,
Department of Agro-Environment National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology (NIAST), RDA | | | 12:15-13:30 | LUNCH | |
| < SESSION 1BF CONTINUE> | | Chair: Thailand | | 13:30-14:00 |
Country Report of the Malaysia
"Biofertilizers in Malaysian Agriculture: perception, demand and promotion" |
Dr. Khairuddin Bin Abdul Rahim
Project Leader of Biofertilizer Project of Malaysia
Agrotechnology And Biosciences Division,MINT |
| | 14:00-14:30 | Country Report of Philippines
"The Development of Non-Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixing Inoculants for Rice Production in The Philippines" | Ms. Crispina Maiquez Rosales
Project Leader of Biofertilizer Project of the Philippines
Senior Science Research Specialist,Agricultural Research
Section/Atomic Research Division,PNRI | | | 14:30-15:00 | Country Report of Thailand
"Biodiversity of VA Mycorrhizal Fungi and their Effect on Leguminous Plant Communities In Thailand" | Dr. Omsub Nopamornbodi
Project Leader of Biofertilizer Project of Thailand
Senior Expert,Senior Expert Office,DOA | | | 15:00-15:30 | Country Report of Vietnam
"Legumes Inoculation Research in Vietnam" | Dr. Pham Van Toan
Project Leader of Biofertilizer Project of Vietnam
Head of department of Microbiology,VASI | | | 15:30-15:45 | BREAK | | | < INVITED PAPER> | | Chair: the Philippines | | 15:45- | Gene Modification of Associated Nitrogen Fixation Bacteria A 1501 and Exploitation | Dr. Lu Wei
Project Leader of Biofertilizer Project of Vietnam
Head of department of Microbiology,VASI | | | | | | -21 August (Wednesday)- | | |
| < SESSION 2BF > TALKS ON SELECTED TOPICS | | Chair: Malaysia | | 9:00-11:00 |
"Promotion of soybean seed yield by deep placement of slow release nitrogen fertilizer compatible with N2 fixation by root nodules" |
Dr. Takuji Oyama
FNCA Prpject Leader of Japan
Professor, Niigata University |
| | | "Radiation sterilization of carrier for inoculants" | Dr. Tamikazu Kume
Depty Director, Head of Functional Materials Lab.1
Department of Materials development
Takasaki Radiation Chemistry Reserch Establishment, JAERI | | | | "Strategy for the FNCA Project on Biofertilizer" | Dr. Sueo Machi
FNCA Coordinator of Japan
Senior Managing Director, JAIF | | | 11:00-11:20 | BREAK | | | 11:20-12:00 | Chair: Korea
"Porous materials as carrier for rhizobial inoculants" | Dr. Keishi Senoo
Professor, University of Tokyo | | | 11:00-11:20 | LUNCH | |
| < SESSION 3BF ROUND> TABLE DISCUSSION (1) | Selection of effective microorganisms(Review of 2002)
Chair: Japan | | 13:30-14:30 |
(1) Evaluation by tracer technique and other methods
(2) Environmental adaptability
(3) Compatibility with the crops
(4) Identification of effective microorganism
(5) Use of non-nodulating plant mutants
(6) Competitiveness |
| | 14:30-14:50 | BREAK | |
ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION (2)
Improvement of inoculant (Plan for 2003) | | Chair: Indonesia | | 14:50-16:00 |
(1) Suitable carriers
(2) Method of sterilization
(3) Mixed culture of inoculant
(4) Quality control standard for inoculant |
| | 16:00-17:00 | PLANNING OF FIELD DEMONSTRATION OF BIOFERTILIZER | | Chair: China | | | | | | -22 August (Thursday)- | | |
| < TECHNICAL VISIT > | | 1.Modern Agricultural Science Park (Chang Ping District, Beijing) |
| | 2.The National Genebank (ICGR, CAAS) | | | | | | -23 August (Friday)- | | |
< SESSION 4 > (Joint Session of MB and BF)
ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION (3) | Conclusion and General Discussion
Co-Chair: China & Japan | | 9:00-11:00 |
(1)Mutation Breeding
(2)Biofertilizer
(3)Others |
| | 11:00-11:30 | DRAFT AND DELIBERATION ON MINUTES | | | 11:30-11:45 | ADOPTING OF MINUTES | | | 11:45-11:55 | GRATITUDE FROM OVERSEAS PARTICIPANTS | Dr. Shigemitsu Tano
Ex-Professor, University of Tokyo | | | | CLOSING REMARKS | Mr. Shinya Takeuchi
Director for International Nuclear Cooperation
Atomic Energy Division, Research and Development Bureau, MEXT | | | 12:00-13:30 | LUNCH | | | | PARTICIPANTS DEPARTURE FOR HOME | | | | | | |
List of Participants
of the FNCA Joint Workshop on Biofertilizer
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| CHINA | | Dr. Pan Jiarong |
Professor
Institute for Application of Atomic Energy, CAAS |
| | Dr. Lu Wei | Department of Biotechnology
Institute for Application of Atomic Energy
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences | | | | |
| INDONESIA | | Ms. Soertini Gandanegara |
Project Leader of Biofertilizer Project of Indonesia
Senior Research Scientist
Soil &Plant Nutrition, Agriculture Division Center for R&D for Isotopes and Radiation Technology
National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) |
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| JAPAN | | Prof. Dr. Takuji Ohyama |
Project Leader of Biofertilizer Project of Japan Professor,
Faculty of Agriculture Niigata University Project Leader of Biofertilizer Project of Japan Professor, Faculty of Agriculture Niigata University |
| | Dr. Tamikazu Kume | Deputy Director,
Head of Functional Materials Lab. 1
Department of Materials development
Takasaki Radiation Chemistry Research Establishment
Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) | | | Prof. Dr.Keishi Senoh | Professor,
Graduate school of Agricultural and Life Sciences
Tokyo University | | | Dr. Sueo Machi | FNCA National Coordinator of Japan
Senior Managing Director
Japan Atomic Industrial Forum(JAIF) | | | Mr. Shinya Takeuchi | Director for International Nuclear Cooperation
Atomic Energy Division
Research and Development Bureau
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology(MEXT) | | | Dr. Tsuguo Genka | Secretariat of Biofertilizer Project
Project Manager
Asia Cooperation Center
Japan Atomic Industrial Forum(JAIF) | | | Ms. Mari Miura | Asia Cooperation Center
Japan Atomic Industrial Forum (JAIF) | | | | |
| KOREA | | Dr. Jang-Sun Suh |
Project Leader of Biofertilizer Project of Korea Researcher,
Soil Microbiology Lab.,
Division of Plant Nutrition,
Department of Agro-Environment
National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology(NIAST), RDA |
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| MALAYSIA | | Dr. Khairuddin Bin Abdul Rahim |
Project Leader of Biofertilizer Project of Malaysia Research Officer
Division of Agrotechnology &Biosciences
Malaysian Institute for Nuclear Technology Research(MINT) |
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| PHILIPPINES | | Ms. Crispina Maiquez Rosales |
Project Leader of Biofertilizer Project of the Philippines
Senior Science Research Specialist,
Agricultural Research Section/ Atomic Research Division
Philippine Nuclear Research Institute(PNRI) |
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| THAILAND | | Dr. (Ms.)Omsub Nopamornbodi |
Project Leader of Biofertilizer Project of Thailand
Senior Expert
Senior Expert Office
Department of Agriculture(DOA) |
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| VIETNAM | | Dr. Pham Van Toan |
Project Leader of Biofertilizer Project of Vietnam
Head of Department of Microbiology
Vietnam Agricultural Science Institute(VASI) |
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