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20th June 2023, Japan (+online)
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"Study Panel on the Approaches toward Infrastructure Development for Nuclear Power" (2009-)
6th: Aug 26th -27th 2014, Vietnam
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5th: Aug 22th - 23th 2013, Japan
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"Study Panel for Cooperation in the Field of Nuclear Energy in Asia" (2007-2008)
2nd: Sep 1st - 2nd 2008, Tokyo
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1st: Oct 30th - 31st 2007, Tokyo
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"Role of Nuclear Energy for Sustainable Development in Asia" (2004-2006)
3rd: Nov 1st - 2nd 2006, Tsuruga
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2nd: Jan 25th - 26th 2006, Tokyo
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1st: Oct 20th - 21st 2004, Tokyo
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Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia (FNCA)
“FNCA 2023 Study Panel (SP2023)
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The 2023 Study Panel of Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia (FNCA) was held in a hybrid manner on 20th June 2023, Tokyo, Japan, hosted by Japan Atomic Energy Commission (JAEC), Cabinet Office of Japan (CAO). The Panel was attended by representatives from 12 FNCA member countries (Australia, Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Malaysia, Mongolia, The Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam) as well as the invited keynote speakers from International Atomic Energy Agency and Japan Atomic Energy Agency.
1. Background of Study Panel
With the growing concern over the issues of energy security and global warming in the member countries, the Panel was started in 2004 to serve as a forum to discuss the roles and challenges of nuclear power generation. Since then, the Panel has continued contributing to the exchanging and sharing of information among the member countries.
The main theme of this Panel was "Outlook on Next Generation Reactors including Small Modular Reactors (SMRs)". In the meeting, keynote speeches were delivered related to development and deployment of next generation reactors and related global activities, and case-study presentations were made by six member counties. Based on the keynotes and the case studies, some discussion was held on social and technical requirements for next generation reactors, and useful information was exchanged.
2. Objectives of 2023 Study Panel
The Study Panel aims at sharing knowledge, good practices and experiences to promote safe and peaceful use of nuclear science and technology among the member countries.
3. Summary of 2023 Study Panel
| (1) Key-note speeches |
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1) "Advanced Reactor Developments and GIF Activities"
Dr. Hideki KIMIDE, Fellow, JAEA (the former Chair of the GIF Policy Group)
Introduction about Generation IV International Forum or GIF, which is framework of international cooperation and is promoting development of next generation reactors, was held.
GIF has set development goals as sustainability, safety & reliability, economics, and proliferation resistance & physical protection, then selected 6 most promising reactor concepts in 2002 and released technology roadmap. These reactors include fast reactors and thermal neutron reactors, and use liquid metal, water, gas, and molten salt as coolant. Power generation efficiency is improved with high core outlet temperature (>500 degree C), which is much higher than those of current water-cooled reactors (around 300 degree C). In some reactors, it is also possible to use for hydrogen production, heat supply, and transmutation of radioactive waste.
Furthermore, GIF is also developing common technologies, such as economics modelling, and risk & safety assessment. Also, cooperation is taking place with international organizations (IAEA and OECD/NEA) and industries of member countries. Based on the achievement of R&D, GIF has been providing education of younger generation and information dissemination through holding webinar and publishing several kinds of documents.
Recently, GIF also aims at synergy effects between technologies developed by GIF and SMR technologies. |
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2) "SMR: Global Status and IAEA Activities",
Dr. Dohee HAHN, SMR Platform Coordinator, IAEA
According to data of IAEA, 32 countries around the world are already operating nuclear power plants and 30 other countries are interested in introducing nuclear power plants. Using of nuclear power is gathering attention in terms of climate change mitigation and energy security, but nuclear power accounted only for 9.8% of total electricity production (data of 2021). Other low-carbon energy, such as hydro and solar/wind power accounted for 16% and 9%, respectively. In order to expand the use of nuclear energy, innovation would be a key, and SMRs would be one of the candidates for it. SMR technologies are developed around the world, because of the advantage of SMRs, i.e., affordability, short-term construction, and flexibility of site-selection. Against the background, many kinds of SMR technologies are developed around the world. There are several SMRs which are already operating or under construction, and there are lots of SMR developing projects around the world. The aims of these SMRs include not only power generation but also non-power utilizations. There are a number of IAEA Member States which are proceeding with SMR projects.
In order to provide coordinated support and expertise from across the entire Agency, the IAEA has launched SMR Platform. The IAEA continuously responds to request from Member States, and facilitates Member States exchange information through international conferences and symposia of SMRs. |
| (2) Case Studies |
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1) "Social Requirements for Next Generation Reactors" |
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Three presentations were made by Malaysia, Australia, and Thailand with the theme of social requirements for next generation reactors.
Dr. Muhammad Rawi BinMohamed Zin of Malaysian Nuclear Agency made a presentation about domestic situation of usage of nuclear technologies. Malaysia has not introduced nuclear power generation into their energy policy yet, but dialogue is underway with their general public. In the dialogue, nuclear-related personnel would not contact with public directly but contact through third-party expertise who belongs to information agency. In this presentation, it was stressed that the importance of public acceptance, risk perception, and stakeholder engagement.
Dr. Mark Ho of Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation or ANSTO made a presentation about result of evaluation of influence to electricity charge in the case that Australia would introduce SMRs. Australia has not introduced nuclear power generation yet and have no plan to introduce it. But in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions near future, the country needs backup facilities. Because, solar and wind power are cheap way to generate, but those sources don't have stability. If SMRs are introduced, cost increase might be reduced.
Dr. Kanokrat Tiyapun of Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology made a presentation about Thailand power development plan or PDP, which doesn't include nuclear power generation. But in current PDP which is under revision, it is considered to connect SMRs to small grid. Explanation was made about preparation works that were made through IAEA Milestones Documents, and standards and requirements in order to introduce SMR in Thailand. Public acceptance and stakeholder engagement are pointed out as a future challenge. Also, it was pointed out that it is necessary to establish national policy, laws, and regulation for SMRs.
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2) "Technical Requirements for Next Generation Reactors" |
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Three presentations were made by Vietnam, Indonesia, and Korea with the theme of technical requirements for next generation reactors.
Dr. Pham Nhu Viet Ha of Vietnam Atomic Energy Institute or VINATOM made a presentation about future prospects for introduction of advanced reactor in Vietnam. Vietnam has decided introduction of nuclear power plant and has conducted feasible study, but the plan was postponed in 2016. Under the commitment to COP26, Vietnam aims to realize net-zero emissions by 2050, and phasing out from coal power plant by 2040. In the next power development plan, implementation of first nuclear power plant by 2030, and implementation of first SMR by mid-2040 might be considered.
Dr. Tulis Jojok Suryono of National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia made a presentation about potential needs for SMR in Indonesia. The technology is used not only power generation but also another non-electrical application, such as desalination and hydrogen production. In the islands area, a floating nuclear power plant is also considered. Indonesia needs to choose suitable SMR technology, and needs to get public acceptance and commitment and consensus from government.
Mr. Sung Won LIM of Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute or KAERI made a presentation about technical requirement related to SMART-100, which is one of the SMRs that Korea has developed. SMART-100 is an integral PWR, and its electric power is 100-110 MWe. In its design, safety and commercial effectiveness are emphasized. In this presentation, safety-related requirements including severe accidents are explained. As a consideration points for users, it was recommended to clarify of deployment target (schedule, site, application), economics target, and safety target. |
| (3) Discussion: Requirements for Next Generation Reactors from Potential Users |
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Depending on the survey which was conducted before the meeting, and presentation of key-note speech and case study, secretariat complied discussion topics related to next generation technologies including SMRs, then showed the mapping of some selected topics. The map consists of two axes; social vs. technical, and opportunity vs. challenge (for example, affordability of SMRs is a social opportunity).
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Then, participants discussed what is important for member countries when each country introduces the next generation reactor. According to the facilitation by the chairpersons, the following opinion were expressed.
It is important to focus on safety and economic competitiveness, and purpose for use in the country (Korea). Economic competitiveness, especially comparison with coal fired power generation is very important. The site-flexibility is also important as a country with lots of islands (Indonesia). With the high economic growth, it is important to show whether new technology have possibility as a source of electricity like large-scale commercial reactor or not. SMR technology is under consideration, but introduction of the technology would be after 2040s (Vietnam). As a country with large land area and few populations, SMR technology is very promising. Government established working group in 2022, then started to make road map with IAEA (Mongolia). Department of Energy leads the plan of introduction of nuclear energy. But there is no regulation in the country, so it would take some time to introduce nuclear power station (The Philippines). It is a key whether it is possible to convince people or not. We need to decide how to manage radioactive waste, and need information related to Emergency Planning Zone about nuclear fuel (Malaysia).
As described above, each member country recognizes the importance of nuclear energy, and there are lots of expectation for next generation reactor including SMR. But because of geological (land area, population, terrain), political (nuclear policy, public acceptance, etc.), and economical (economic scale, economic growth rate, etc.) reasons, there are a wide range of differences among each country's priority. So, we need consider this issue depending on each country's situation. And it is understood that there are several common topics among member countries, e.g., public acceptance, stakeholder engagement.
At the last part of session, the chairperson asked the advantage and disadvantage when introducing SMR technology directly. Dr. KAMIDE of JAEA answered "It depends on differences of supply chain and nuclear fuel. There is still existing supply chain when it comes to large-scale commercial reactor, but as for new technology or SMR, they need to build a new supply chain. On the other hand, SMR has the advantage that the system is made in factory as a package. As for the nuclear fuel, there are quite a few problems in current fuel-assembly style, but in the case of new type fuel, it is necessary to establish the way how to make and inspect the fuel". |
4. Closing
Mr. SANO Toshio, commissioner of JAEC concluded the meeting, saying "There are lots of merits in next generation reactor including SMR, but also there are some challenges. The SMRs or innovative reactors can be a game changer in the history of nuclear energy. And the window of opportunities seems to be wide open now. But that window may not keep open for a long time. I look forward to further efforts by the countries concerned and international organizations to achieve innovation in the nuclear domain."
Lastly, the chairperson expressed his gratitude to the presenters and attendees, and then the meeting was closed. |
Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia (FNCA)
“FNCA 2023 Study Panel”
Programme
| Date: |
20 June 2023 |
| Venue: |
Hybrid |
| Organized by: |
Cabinet Office (CAO) Government of Japan
Japan Atomic Energy Committee (JAEC) |
| Chair |
Mr. SANO Toshio, Commissioner of JAEC |
| Theme |
"Outlook on Next Generation Reactors including SMRs" |
Tuesday, 20 June *JST |
| 11:00 - 11:20 |
Session 1: Opening *OPEN TO PRESS
Chair: Mr. SANO Toshio, Commissioner of JAEC
- Opening Remarks: Mr. SANO Toshio
- Welcome Remarks: Dr. Mitsuru UESAKA, Chairperson of JAEC
- Self-Introduction of Participants
- Adoption of the Agenda
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| 11:20 - 12:40 |
Session 2: Keynote Speeches *OPEN TO PRESS
Chair: Mr. SANO Toshio, Commissioner of JAEC
- “Advanced Reactor Developments and GIF Activities”
Dr. KAMIDE Hideki, Fellow, JAEA (the former Chair of the GIF Policy Group)
- “SMR: Global Status and IAEA Activities”
Dr. Dohee HAHN, SMR Platform Coordinator, IAEA
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| 12:40 - 13:40 |
(Lunch Break) |
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| 13:40 - 16:20 |
Session 3, Case Studies
3-1 Presentations from Member Countries (1)
“Social Requirements for Next Generation Reactors”
Chair: Dr. Mark HO, Australia
- “Socializing Nuclear Technology Policy in Malaysia: Issues and Challenges”
Dr. Muhammad Rawi MOHAMED ZIN, Malaysian Nuclear Agency
- “Study of Australia's future electricity supply, optimised for cost, reliability and varying carbon intensities"
Dr. Mark HO, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation
- “Small Modular Reactor (SMR) Deployment: Challenges and Opportunities for Thailand”
Dr. Kanokrat TIYAPUN, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology
3-2 Presentations from Member Countries (2) “Technical Requirements for Next Generation Reactors”
Chair: Dr. Lucille V. ABAD, Chief, Atomic Research Division, PNRI
- “Nuclear power in Viet Nam: Future prospects for introduction of advanced nuclear power reactors”
Dr. PHAM Nhu Viet Ha, Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology,
Vietnam Atomic Energy Institute
- “Opportunity and Challenge of SMR Implementation in Indonesia: Technoeconomic and Social Aspect”
Dr. Tulis Jojok SURYONO, Research Center for Nuclear Reactor Technology
- “Technical requirements for SMART100”
Mr. Sung Won LIM, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute
Break
3-3 Discussion
“Requirements for Next Generation Reactors from Potential Users”
Dr. Mark HO, Australia, and Dr. Lucille ABAD, The Philippines
- Discussion, All
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| 16:20 - 16:30 |
Session 4, Closing
Closing Remarks: Mr. SANO Toshio, Commissioner of JAEC |
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Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia (FNCA)
“FNCA 2023 Study Panel”
List of Participants
■Participants from FNCA countries
Australia
Ms. Pippa AINLEY
Senior Advisor, International Affairs
ANSTO
*FNCA Coordinator of Australia
Dr. Mark Ho
Thermohydraulic Specialist
ANSTO
Bangladesh
Engr. Ashraful Haque
Chief Engineer & Project Director
Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC)
China
Mr. LONG Maoxiong
Deputy Secretary General
China Nuclear Energy Association (CNEA)
Indonesia
Dr. Rohadi Awaludin
Chairman of Research Organization for Nuclear Energy,
National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia
Dr. Tulis Jojok Suryono
Research Center for Nuclear Reactor Technology,
Research Organization for Nuclear Energy,
National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia
Kazakhstan
Dr. Vladimir Vityuk
Deputy Director General for Science
National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Mr. Arman Miniyazov
Head
Laboratory for Fusion Material Testing
Institute of Atomic Energy of RSE
National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Republic of KoreaMr. Sung Won LIM
Senior Researcher
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI)
Mr. Jun Ho SHIN
President
Department of Global Cooperation
Korea Nuclear International Cooperation Foundation (KONICOF)
Mr. Cheonkyeong PARK
Director
Department of Global Cooperation
Korea Nuclear International Cooperation Foundation (KONICOF)
Mr. Byoungwoo KANG
Researcher
Department of Global Cooperation
Korea Nuclear International Cooperation Foundation (KONICOF)
Ms. Ji Yun PARK
Head of Korea Liaison Office for GIF
Korea Nuclear International Cooperation Foundation (KONICOF)
Malaysia
Dr. Muhammad Rawi Bin Mohamed Zin
Deputy Director General (Technical Program)
Malaysian Nuclear Agency (Nuclear Malaysia)
*FNCA Coordinator of Malaysia
Mongolia
Dr. Davaa Suren
Senior Officer of Nuclear Technology Department
The Executive Office of the Nuclear Energy Commission (NEC) of Mongolia
Mr. Boldsaikhan Purevsuren
Officer of Nuclear and Clean energy
The Executive Office of the Nuclear Energy Commission (NEC) of Mongolia
The PhilippinesDr. Lucille V. Abad
Chief
Atomic Research Division
Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI)
*FNCA Coordinator of the Philippines
Mr. Neil Raymund Diaz Guillermo
Supervising Science Research Specialist
Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI)
Dr. Alvie Asuncion-Astronomo
Associate Scientist
Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI)
Mr. Ryan Uy Olivares
Supervising Science Research Specialist
Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI)
Mr. Jeffrey D. Tare
Senior Science Research Specialist
Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI)
Ms. Marinell B. Palangao
Science Research Specialist II
Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI)
ThailandAssoc.Prof. Thawatchai Onjun
Executive Director
Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology
Dr. Kanokrat Tiyapun
Manager of Research Reactor Center
Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology
Dr. Saensuk Wetchagarun
Nuclear Engineer
Research Reactor Center
Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology
Ms. Kanchalika DECHATES
Director of Management Division
Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology
*FNCA Coordinator of Thailand
Ms. Napatsorn Varatornsinchai
Director of General Affair Division
Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology
Ms. Chatchawan MANSAITHONG
International Cooperation Officer
Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology
VietnamDr. Tran Ngoc Toan
Vice President,
Vietnam Atomic Energy Institute (VINATOM)
*FNCA Coordinator of Vietnam
Dr. Pham Nhu Viet Ha
Head of Nuclear Energy Center of the Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (INST) under the VINATOM
■IAEA
Dr. Dohee HAHN
SMR Platform Coordinator
Department of Nuclear Energy
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
■Participants from Japan
JAEA
Dr. KAMIDE Hideki
JAEA Fellow
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
Cabinet Office, Government of Japan (CAO)
(1) Japan Atomic Energy Commission (JAEC)
Dr. UESAKA Mitsuru
Chairman
Japan Atomic Energy Commission (JAEC)
Mr. SANO Toshio
Commissioner
Japan Atomic Energy Commission (JAEC)
Dr. OKADA Yukiko
Commissioner
Japan Atomic Energy Commission (JAEC)
(2) Secretariat of Japan Atomic Energy Commission (JAEC)
Mr. KAKUDO Takafumi
Deputy Director General for Science, Technology and Innovation Policy
Cabinet Office of Japan (CAO)"
Mr. SHINDO Kazumi
Director for Atomic Energy and International Affairs
Bureau of Science, Technology and Innovation
Cabinet Office of Japan (CAO)
Mr. YAMADA Tetsuya
Director for Atomic Energy and International Affairs
Bureau of Science, Technology and Innovation
Cabinet Office of Japan (CAO)
Ms. SASAGAWA Ayaka
Deputy-Director
Office for Atomic Energy Policy
Secretariat of the Atomic Energy Commission
Cabinet Office of Japan (CAO)
Mr. SAKUMA Akira
Deputy-Director
Office for Atomic Energy Policy
Secretariat of the Atomic Energy Commission
Cabinet Office of Japan (CAO)
Ms. TANADA Mizue
Senior Researcher
Office of Atomic Energy Policy
Secretariat of the Atomic Energy Commission
Cabinet Office of Japan (CAO)
Ms. FUKANO Keiko
Senior Researcher
Office of Atomic Energy Policy
Secretariat of the Atomic Energy Commission
Cabinet Office of Japan (CAO)
Mr. YAMADA Katsumi
Technical Counsellor
Office for Atomic Energy Policy
Secretariat of the Atomic Energy Commission
Cabinet Office of Japan (CAO)
Mr. EGAWA Hirokazu
Technical Counsellor
Office for Atomic Energy Policy
Secretariat of the Atomic Energy Commission
Cabinet Office of Japan (CAO)
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA)
Ms. HAYASHIDA Akiko
Deputy Director
International Nuclear Cooperation Division
Disarmament, Non-Proliferation and Science Department
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan (MOFA)
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
Mr. SATO Masafumi
Director
International Nuclear and Fusion Energy Affairs Division
Research and Development Bureau
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
Ms. NAKAHARA Risa
Administrative Researcher
International Nuclear and Fusion Energy Affairs Division
Research and Development Bureau
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
Mr. KUMAGAE Koichi
Researcher
International Nuclear and Fusion Energy Affairs Division
Research and Development Bureau
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA)
Ms. SAKURAI Azusa
Safety Examiner
Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA)
Dr. FUJITA Tatsuya
Regulatory Officer
Regulatory Standard and Research Division
Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA)
Dr. MINAKAWA Takefumi
Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA)
Mr. SUENAGA Kengo
Nuclear Material Protection Officer
Nuclear Security Section
Nuclear Regulation Authority (NRA)
Coordinator
Dr. TAMADA Masao
FNCA Coordinator of Japan
Advisor
Mr. WADA Tomoaki
FNCA Advisor of Japan
Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia (FNCA)
“FNCA 2023 Study Panel”
Presentations
■Session 2-1 Keynote Speech I 5.1MB
■Session 2-2 Keynote Speech II 2.7MB
■Session 3-1 Case Study-1 (Malaysia) 1.8MB
■Session 3-2 Case Study-2 (Australia) 1.1MB
■Session 4-1 Case Study-3 (Thailand) 2.1MB
■Session 4-2 Case Study-4 (Vietnam) 1.2MB
■Session 4-3 Case Study-5 (Indonesia) 2.2MB
■Session 4-4 Case Study-6 (Korea) 2.0MB
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